The Rise and Spread of Mohammedanism

In this chapter from Lynn Thorndike's The History of Medieval Europe: Within five years after Mohammed's death the Arabs had seized Syria, Mesopotamia was overrun in 641, and 10 years later the rest of the Persian Kingdom had been conquered. Egypt was conquered in the years 639-643, and then North Africa, followed by the Visigothic Kingdom of Spain. The spread of Islam brought into close commercial relations the lands stretching from India in the East to Spain and the Atlantic coast of northwestern Africa.

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