A Short History of Russia

How the World's Largest Country Invented Itself, from the Pagans to Putin

By: Mark Galeotti

Narrated by: Mark Galeotti

A Library Journal 2020 Title to Watch

"Terrific - and an amazing achievement to cover so much ground in such a short and wonderfully readable book." -Peter Frankopan, bestselling author of The Silk Roads

Russia’s epic story told in an accessible, lively and short form, using the country's fascinating history to help us understand its actions today and what the future might hold

A country with no natural borders, no single ethnic group, no true central identity, Russia has mythologized its past to unite its people, to justify its military decisions, and to signal strength to outsiders. Mark Galeotti takes us behind the myths to the heart of the Russian story, covering key moments such as:

• the formation of a nation through its early legends, including Ivan the Terrible and Catherine the Great
• the rise and fall of the Romanovs, the Russian Revolution, the Cold War, Chernobyl and the Soviet Union
• the arrival of an obscure politician named Vladimir Putin and his ambitions for Russia

A Short History of Russia explores the history of this fascinating, extraordinary, desperate and exasperating country through two intertwined issues: the way successive influences from beyond its borders have shaped Russia, and the way Russians came to terms with this influence, writing and rewriting their past to understand their present and try to shape their future. In turn, this self-invented history has come to affect not just their constant nation-building project but also their relations with the world.

Great short history

This was a great short history of Russia. It covered a long span quickly. Well worth the read.

A fantastic introduction to Russian History

Like others have commented, it is too short! Marks writing is wonderfully done, and his additional recommendations for sources is a beautiful academic touch. This book has changed my perspective on my initial perception of Russia. I have always thought of it as a dark ruthless country, and while there is some truth to that, that is not the full story. This book has sparked further interests in reading further Russian history and cultural books as well as possibly pursuing the language to gain deeper understanding and respect for this growing and changing country. Highly recommend!

Great Short History that Makes You Want More

Russia has been in the news and I have always been interested in Russia, its history, architecture (you just have to love that colorful St. Basil’s Church), its literature, and its music. And, there is such sadness in a country with so much potential, so many resources, a territory that spans (joins) Europe and Asia, the largest nation in the world (in terms of area), with so many advantages and yet seems to be foiled at each possible breakout point. There were the ruthless Czars who couldn’t break out of the feudalistic mold and tightened their grip at every hint of serious dissent or reform, by the world’s first communist revolution that almost immediately left its true Marxist roots for authoritarianism stifled its populace even further (and by not applying real Marxism allowed other revolutionary movements to imagine or at least posit the dream that the failure was Russian and not Marxism itself and that, if they could establish a Marxist state, things would be different), the German attack that, ironically, strengthened the Soviet state and ensured Stalin a seat at the table, the crumbling of the system leading to a short-lived hope of democracy and capitalism that turned into chaos and oligarchy only to be “rescued” by Putin who was, because of his success in bringing Russia back from the brink, making it a world power again, and building a much stronger (relatively speaking) economy, allowed more and more power, while removing more and more freedoms. And now he is destroying the nation again with his ruthless attack on Ukraine which has shocked the world. 

Mark Galeotti has given us that basic history in a very condensed book. It was published in 2020, so it doesn’t include this latest invasion but does include all of the buildup toward it in the Donbas and the annexation of Crimea. And it is short. It condenses 1,200 years into 4-7 hours, depending on how fast you read. That means that a lot of people will criticize it for leaving out this or that or not going into depth, but it’s not fair when the title makes it clear that it’s meant to be a “Short” history. And, it’s never boring, sometimes humorous, and always understandable. What’s really cool is that at the beginning of each chapter is a basic outline of the main events and, in the end, is suggested additional reading so you can follow up on anything that really piques your interest. 

Russia’s multicultural character left it with an uncertain identity. Was it Asian or European? Different leaders pulled it in different directions and this was often not helped by the fact that Asians saw it as European while Europeans saw it as Asian. The ancient Russ came from Scandinavia but were among those conquered by the Mongols who ended up ruling and then influencing Russia far longer than the rest of Europe. Galeotti describes Russian history in terms of a palimpsest. In ancient times, it was common to use an animal skin over and over, washing away the original and writing over it. But, if you go back and look at an old palimpsest, you can often still faintly make out an earlier writing and often times many layers, particularly with modern technology. Galeotti notes that every culture sometimes rewrites or erases its history but that it has been especially familiar to Russians. Old photos in Stalin’s era were commonly changing as someone fell out of favor and was airbrushed out of photos, so much that a common humorous phrase was, "The future is certain; it is only the past that is unpredictable." Galeotti writes, "Russians responded by generating a series of national myths to deny or celebrate [its crossbred identity]. ... New myths are superimposed over old ones in the creation of the palimpsest identity, as the peoples of this land sought to come to terms with their lack of strength and common identity by creating shared mythologies that saw fate and frailty translated into pride and purpose."

And that myth was not limited to the Soviet era. The Mongol invasion was brutal just as it was in other places, but afterwards had left their subjects pretty much alone as long as they recognized the Mongol rule and paid their  tribute. Russians tried to blame the Mongol’s for the fact that the Renaissance bypassed them but it wasn’t that at all. Galeotti notes that Putin is still trying to rewrite history as a pretext for his actions in Crimea and the Donbas region. The problem is that modernization of a nation is not just a matter of industry or military. It also involves a modernization in thinking, and that means allowing for some freedom of thought and dissent. 

And that may be the biggest takeaway from the book. Every time there was some opening of society, it was followed by a nervous backlash from leaders who feared the outcome that might arise from open thought and  dissent. It is repeated over and over and the current climate is just another example. 

This book is going to leave you a bit dissatisfied, but it’s not the fault of the author. In fact, it is an example of the strength of the book. Galeotti has done an excellent job of condensing a very complicated history but not in a way that most abridgments do. When you read a good  abridged book without reading the full version, you can feel satisfied. You know the story. You think it is complete because you don’t know what you’re missing. Galeotti has left his reader with a new understanding but with a desire to go deeper and find out more. 

Don’t know much about history

I don’t know much about Russian history, but Galeotti’s short, articulate, well-organized history of Russia is a great place to start. The further readings section at the end of each chapter is a real gem.

Excellent!

Does a beautiful job telling the story concisely but in an entertaining style. A fun listen!