Arthur Schopenhauer: The Philosopher of Pessimism

Arthur Schopenhauer, a German philosopher, pioneered Western pessimism and integrated Eastern thought. His key idea is that reality is shaped by the 'will,' an irrational, unconscious force driving endless desire and suffering. His major work, 'The World as Will and Representation,' explores metaphysics, aesthetics, and ethics. Schopenhauer saw art, compassion, and asceticism as ways to escape suffering, influencing later thinkers like Freud and Nietzsche.

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