Drs Marwah Abdalla and Susan Redline discuss when to suspect sleep apnea; how to approach screening, diagnosis, and treatment; and how it fits into hypertension management.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/1003187. The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Secondary Hypertension: Evaluation and Management https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37115960/

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Hypertension: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Management Strategy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39210083/

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Sleep Disturbances: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25409106/

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Hispanic/Latino Individuals of Diverse Backgrounds. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24392863/

Comorbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea: From Research to Clinical Practice https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40258387/

Performance of Four Screening Tools for Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Patients With Insomnia https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40060365/

Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35766027/

Respiratory Event Index Underestimates Severity of Sleep Apnea Compared to Apnea-Hypopnea Index https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38264141/

Clinical Study of Two Mandibular Advancement Devices in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39696299/

Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39401661/

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40292204/

Detection of Sleep Apnea Using Wearable AI: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39255014/

Technologies for Sleep Monitoring at Home: Wearables and Nearables https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37519880/

Drs Marwah Abdalla and Vivek Bhalla discuss the screening, management, and future of primary aldosteronism — a common cause of secondary hypertension.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/1003186. The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Secondary Hypertension https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544305/

Primary Aldosteronism https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127080-overview

The Unrecognized Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism: A Cross-Sectional Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32449886/

2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40811516/

Expanding the Search for Primary Aldosteronism in Clinical Settings https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40811492/

Primary Hyperaldosteronism in Hypertension https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-for-Cardiology-Practice-(CCP)/Cardiopractice/primary-hyperaldosteronism-in-hypertension

Primary Aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40658480/

Primary Aldosteronism and the Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists for the Heart and Kidneys https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36375469/

The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Severe Heart Failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10471456/

Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Mortality in Medically Treated Primary Aldosteronism: A Retrospective Cohort Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29129576/

Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors for Cardiorenal Protection: Ready for Prime Time? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39557029/

Drs Marwah Abdalla and Lewis Blevins discuss Cushing Syndrome: Why it is frequently missed, how clinicians can screen for it, and how to manage it.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/1003185. The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Endogenous Cushing Syndrome https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2233083-overview

2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40811516/

Adrenal Hypercortisolism: A Closer Look at Screening, Diagnosis, and Important Considerations of Different Testing Modalities https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31069279/

Diagnostic Testing of Autonomous Cortisol Secretion in Adrenal Incidentalomas https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33032259/

Physiology, Renin Angiotensin System https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470410/

Dexamethasone Suppression Test https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542317/

A New Clinical Model to Estimate the Pre-Test Probability of Cushing's Syndrome: The Cushing Score https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34675882/

Late-night Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone Should Be the Initial Screening Test for Cushing's Syndrome https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35671282/

Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: Pathophysiology, Comorbidities and Management Approaches https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38649778/

SUN-451 Adrenalectomy Improves Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: Results of a RCT https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12543531/

Pheochromocytoma https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/124059-overview

Fleischner Society Guideline Recommendations for Incidentally Detected Pulmonary Nodules and the Probability of Lung Cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36049538/

Approach to Patients With Pseudo-Cushing's States https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31846432/

Metabolic Syndrome https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459248/