A 72-year-old with a prosthetic aortic valve presents stating, "I was told I have to take a medicine before I have a deep dental cleaning." Concurrent health issues include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia, currently at treatment goals. Medications include metformin, hydrochlorothiazide, telmisartan, and rosuvastatin. She has no drug allergies. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in her care?

A. amoxicillin 2 grams PO 30 to 60 minutes prior to the procedure

B. amoxicillin 2 grams PO 1 to 2 hours after the procedure

C. cephalexin 2 grams PO 30 to 60 minutes prior to the procedure

D. inform the patient that no antimicrobial prophylaxis is needed during dental care.

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A patient presents stating, "I've been told I need to take a medicine before I have a deep dental cleaning." Which of the following patients requires antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to this dental visit?

A. A 28-year-old female taking combined oral contraceptives with a history of the murmur of mitral valve prolapse

B. An 18 year old with a physiologic murmur and a history of ACL repair

C. A 64 year old male with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and an A1c of 9.5%

D. A 72-year-old woman with a prosthetic aortic valve

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJV7mYbaubo&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=133

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A 68-year-old man with a 15-year history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, as well as a 45 pack-year history of cigarette smoking, currently smoking one pack per day, was recently diagnosed with COPD. His FEV1 to FEC ratio is less than 0.7, and his FEV1 is 48% of predicted. He reports two COPD exacerbations in the past year, both treated as an outpatient, and also mentions "I need to pace myself or I get short of breath even if I walk up just a flight of stairs. I can't do any work in the yard anymore." Per current treatment recommendations, which of the following is advised for his COPD maintenance therapy?

A. SABA as needed for shortness of breath

B. Daily use of an ICS LABA

C. As needed use of a LABA for symptoms

D. Scheduled use of an inhaled LABA/LAMA

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dazsX-CZk9c&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=132

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