Learn how the First Punic War left problems unresolved, and how one man set himself to bring war to the Mediterranean yet again.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

References:

• Delbruck, Hans. History of the Art of War, VolumeI: Warfare in Antiquity. Translated by Walter J. Renfroe, Jr. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1990.
• Gabriel, Richard A. Scipio Africanus:Rome’s Greatest General. Potomac Books, Inc., 2008.

• Lazenby, John Francis. The First PunicWar: A Military History. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
• Rosenstein, Nathan. Rome and the Mediterranean 290 to146 BC. Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

Dive into the longest war of antiquity, one which saw widespread destruction across the land and sea.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

Invicta Video - Warships of the Carthaginian Navy

References:

• Lazenby, John Francis. The First PunicWar: A Military History. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
• Rosenstein, Nathan. Rome and the Mediterranean 290 to146 BC. Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

Season 3 kicks off with the prelude to the First Punic War, uncovering how the first of three great conflicts began.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

References:

• Lazenby, John Francis. The First PunicWar: A Military History. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
• Rosenstein, Nathan. Rome and the Mediterranean 290 to146 BC. Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

A final episode covering Rome's Early Republican government, and the changes taking place.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

References:

• Cornell, T.J. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (1000-264BC). New York: Routledge, 1995.

• Crawford, Michael. The Roman Republic, Second Edition. London: Fontana Press, 1992.

• Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. University of California Press, 2006.

• Holkeskamp, Karl-J. Reconstructing the Roman Republic, An Ancient Political Culture and Modern Research. Princeton University Press, 2010.

• Mouritsen, Henrik. Plebs and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

• Mouritsen, Henrik. Politics in the Roman Republic: Key Themes in Ancient History. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

• Raaflaub, Kurt A. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders. Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

Take a look at Rome's dark side, and learn about the institution of slavery.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

References:

• Bradley, Keith. Slavery and Society at Rome: Key Themes in Ancient History. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

• Cornell, T.J. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (1000-264BC). New York: Routledge, 1995.

• Crawford, Michael. The Roman Republic, Second Edition. London: Fontana Press, 1992.

• Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. University of California Press, 2006.

• romaninscriptionsofbritain.org

Rome didn't just use her military to conquer - there was also a planned policy of expansion which helped spread her influence through the Italian peninsula.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

References:

• • Cornell, T.J. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (1000-264BC). New York: Routledge, 1995.
• • Crawford, Michael. The Roman Republic, Second Edition. London: Fontana Press, 1992.
• • Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. University of California Press, 2006.
  • Salmon, E.T. Roman Colonization Under the Republic. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1970.

Part 2 of the social and economic strife seen during the Early Republic. With nothing resolved, problems were only just beginning.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

References:

• Cornell, T.J. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (1000-264BC). New York: Routledge, 1995.

• Crawford, Michael. The Roman Republic, Second Edition. London: Fontana Press, 1992.

• Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. University of California Press, 2006.

• Holkeskamp, Karl-J. Reconstructing the Roman Republic, An Ancient Political Culture and Modern Research. Princeton University Press, 2010.

• Mouritsen, Henrik. Plebs and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

• Mouritsen, Henrik. Politics in the Roman Republic: Key Themes in Ancient History. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

• Raaflaub, Kurt A. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders. Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

Begin Part 1 of 2 covering the social and economic strife which existed between the patricians, wealthy plebeians, and everyone else in Rome.

Links:

⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠

⁠⁠Website⁠

References:

• Cornell, T.J. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (1000-264BC). New York: Routledge, 1995.

• Crawford, Michael. The Roman Republic, Second Edition. London: Fontana Press, 1992.

• Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. University of California Press, 2006.

• Holkeskamp, Karl-J. Reconstructing the Roman Republic, An Ancient Political Culture and Modern Research. Princeton University Press, 2010.

• Mouritsen, Henrik. Plebs and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

• Mouritsen, Henrik. Politics in the Roman Republic: Key Themes in Ancient History. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

• Raaflaub, Kurt A. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders. Blackwell Publishing, 2005.