We train AI systems to optimize for metrics — but what if the real alignment problem isn't in the machine? What if it starts with us?

Juan Pablo Carbajal is a physicist, interdisciplinary researcher, and educator at the Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences (OST). Originally from Argentina, his career spans physics, robotics, biomechanics, agronomy, machine learning, and water research — driven not by any single discipline but by a deep need to understand the systems underlying everything he encounters.

In Episode 58 of The Grand Challengers Podcast, Juan Pablo joins host Peter Marcus Bach to reframe the AI alignment debate as fundamentally a human one. He argues that the same narrow, single-metric optimization we apply to AI — rewarding output over understanding — is already distorting science, education, and society. From the "publish or perish" crisis in academia to how we evaluate students with one-dimensional scores, the pattern is the same: pressure systems to hit a number, and unintended behaviours emerge.

The conversation traces Juan Pablo's journey from collecting tadpoles in an Argentine river (with a memorable food-chain disaster) to studying embodied AI at the University of Zurich's AI Lab under Rolf Pfeifer, where intelligence is inseparable from its physical body. Along the way, he shares lessons from plant biology — how nitrogen-fixing bacteria and their "cheater" free-riders coexist through tolerance rather than punishment — and explains why physics-informed AI may be the antidote to purely data-driven approaches that mistake local patterns for universal truths.

Topics include: the limits of data-driven machine learning, Gestalt psychology and machine vision, why the word "robot" means slave, complex systems and emergence, the role of culture as humanity's alignment mechanism, and why understanding history is our best defence against repeating its mistakes.

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
1:59 Guest Intro & Yerba Mate
6:47 JP's Secret Mate Recipe
11:13 Summarizing JP's passions into a keyword
13:08 The Tadpole Story
17:24 JP's dilemma of what to study and his lifelong mentor
22:57 Versatility of a physicist and the Sokal affair
25:58 Critique of the current education systems
31:23 From physics to magnetic flux leakage detection
36:51 A life lesson on tolerance from bacteria
46:12 Embodied AI, Robotics and Studying Intelligence
54:07 Physics-informed AI
59:21 The challenge with prior knowledge - example from Gestalt Psychology
1:05:08 The Real Alignment Problem
1:22:49 JP's current exciting next steps
1:26:12 Q&A Start
1:26:43 What does innovation mean to you?
1:28:38 Key moment, book, person
1:31:10 Time Management
1:33:32 Favourite childhood memory
1:33:56 Biggest challenge to date
1:35:58 Advice for young professionals
1:36:35 What would you most like

Detailed shownotes over at: petermbach.com/podcast for more in-depth information about each episode.
Join the community over at: linkedin.com/company/tgcpodcast and let's connect across the world!

Subscribe and listen to the podcast (and do please leave a review/rating) on Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts from.
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Hosted by Peter Marcus Bach (www.petermbach.com), follow me on:

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Every machine that lifts, digs, or hauls relies on hydraulics — a technology that hasn't changed in over 50 years. But what if you could replace that leaky, energy-wasting oil with a belt-and-pulley system that's three times faster, three times more efficient, and three times more durable, with zero emissions?

That's what Hiten Sonpal and his team at RISE Robotics are doing. In Episode 57, Hiten joins Peter Marcus Bach to explore his full robotics journey, from a childhood fascination with LEGO Technic in India to building bomb-disposal robots for Iraq and Afghanistan at iRobot, designing the Roomba lawnmower, and now leading RISE Robotics as CEO, where their patented Beltdraulic™ technology is disrupting the $600 billion hydraulics industry.

Hiten takes us inside the world of robotics: what counts as a robot, why humanoid robots are far from ready, and how AI is augmenting rather than replacing skilled workers. He explains why hydraulic systems waste 70% of their energy as heat, why electrifying heavy machinery has been prohibitively expensive, and how Beltdraulic solves both problems by replacing fluid with precision-engineered belts and sealed bearings.

The results speak for themselves. RISE's Guinness World Record-holding robotic arm lifts over 7,000 lbs fluid-free. Their military crane dropped from 1,800 lbs to 300. And their commercial liftgate saves delivery fleets $300–$1,200 per truck per day.

Hiten also shares the personal story of spending five years building a robot lawnmower at iRobot, only to have it cancelled by COVID, and how that adversity became the catalyst for his entrepreneurial career leading three companies as CEO.

🔗 Show notes: https://petermbach.com/index.php/podcast/057-hiten-sonpal/ 🔗 RISE Robotics: https://www.riserobotics.com

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
1:59 Guest Intro and the Drumming Passion
5:04 Early inspiration for robotics - Lego
9:15 Moving beyond Lego
11:29 The Chess Playing Robot
18:55 From Chess to iRobot - seeing real-world value
23:27 The rise and diversity of the robotics industry
30:21 Generative AI's impact on robotics
32:36 The electric sheep and an unfortunate timing
37:56 Being smarter about design for sustainability - RISE Robotics
45:15 Examples of RISE's applications
51:44 RISE Robotic's Future Plans
58:17 Hiten's reflections from advisory and leadership positions
1:01:43 Q&A Start
1:02:04 What does innovation mean to you?
1:03:28 Key Moment, Book, Person
1:05:18 Favourite childhood memory
1:07:03 Biggest challenge to date
1:13:18 Advice for young professionals
1:14:18 What would you most like to be remembered for?
1:15:32 Where can people find you?
1:15:58 Final Message
1:16:43 Outro

Detailed shownotes over at: petermbach.com/podcast for more in-depth information about each episode.
Join the community over at: linkedin.com/company/tgcpodcast and let's connect across the world!

Subscribe and listen to the podcast (and do please leave a review/rating) on Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts from.
Your subscription/follow will greatly help the show grow and reach a wider audience.

Hosted by Peter Marcus Bach (www.petermbach.com), follow me on:

• X (fomerly Twitter): @petermbach
• Instagram: @petermbach87
• Subscribe to my channel on YouTube: www.youtube.com/c/PeterMarcusBach/

Fred Jordan, scientist, entrepreneur and co-founder of AlpVision and FinalSpark in Vevey, Switzerland reveals the power of mathematics to us and how he thinks differently when it comes to computing. We dive deep into how he has combined industrial processing and digital watermarking to create anti-counterfeiting technology and uncover the mystery of "Organoid Intelligence", also known as biocomputing - using "the real thing" to compute. What was previously only written in science fiction novels (e.g., "wetware" from William Gibson's Neuromancer) is now becoming a reality! Tune into the longest episode on the podcast to date to hear about how Fred's love for science, technology and scifi has inspired him to make real disruptive change and how biocomputing could be the complement to our rapidly advancing semiconductor and AI industries.

Podcast Intro/Outro Song: Starsky by Alex Keren (Check out more of his tunes over on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/5vZ3lENfDLjkln8scBJ8mW)

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
1:59 Guest Intro & the City of Vevey
3:16 Talking Science Fiction
10:25 An early opportunity to use a supercomputer
15:49 The power of mathematics
21:57 The story and principles behind AlpVision - anti-counterfeiting
38:19 Why start FinalSpark? Thinking DIFFERENT
42:00 Speech recognition in a bucket?
49:10 Reservoir computing and using the real thing
57:55 Early history and fundamentals of biocomputing
1:17:51 A discussion on terminology
1:20:33 The energy consumption debate
1:29:38 The Neural Platform and the eventual application
1:38:57 Future Plans for FinalSpark & Fred
1:43:30 How to learn more about biocomputing?
1:46:41 Q&A Start
1:47:13 What does Innovation mean to you?
1:48:37 Key event, book, person
1:50:29 Time Management
1:52:39 Favourite childhood memory
1:55:21 Biggest challenge to date
1:57:02 Advice for young professionals
1:58:17 What would you most like to be remembered for?
2:00:32 Where can people find you?
2:02:11 Final Message
2:02:45 Outro

Detailed shownotes over at: petermbach.com/podcast for more in-depth information about each episode.
Join the community over at: linkedin.com/company/tgcpodcast and let's connect across the world!

Subscribe and listen to the podcast (and do please leave a review/rating) on Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts from.
Your subscription/follow will greatly help the show grow and reach a wider audience.

Hosted by Peter Marcus Bach (www.petermbach.com), follow me on:

• X (fomerly Twitter): @petermbach
• Instagram: @petermbach87
• Subscribe to my channel on YouTube: www.youtube.com/c/PeterMarcusBach/